Essay --

Bees are vital to our ecosystem and human society. They provide economically valuable pollination service. Roughly 90% of the world’s plant species are pollinated by bees. Without pollination by animals, most flowering plants would not reproduce sexually and humans would lose food and other plant products. In particular, honeybees remain the most valuable pollinators of crop monocultures worldwide. However, in recent years there has been an observation of honeybee decline. Around 2006 many beekeepers around the world began to notice that their honeybees are disappearing. This was a mystery that caught scientists’ attention. They entitled this mystery: colony-collapse disorder (CCD) (Walsh 2013). This disturbing trend continues until now - honeybees are still dying progressively. One - third of U.S. honeybee colonies disappeared during the past winter. Beekeepers experienced tremendous losses that went above 42%. As a result, the colony loss is putting intense pressure on the industry and agriculture. Scientific investigations of CCD suggest that microbial pathogens are causally involved (Suryanarayanan 2013). Different scientific studies that have identified different sets of associated microbial pathogens have suggested that the discovered pathogens are secondary infections, with the primary cause yet to be found. Scientists have been suggesting many theories on bee decline. Agricultural pesticides were considered as the most obvious suspects and specifically popular chemicals known as Neonicotinoids. Other theories were focused on bee killing pests or a varroa destructor - a parasitic mite that has ravaged honeybee colonies since it was accidentally introduced in U.S. in the 1980s. (Walsh 2013). The imp... ...erdose of insecticides near the hives of the bees. Adolescent bees, living in hives contaminated by pesticide, have their body surfaces and fat tissues poisoned with these substances. Besides leading to bee deaths, insecticides used in agriculture for combat work also causes the problem of residues remaining from chemicals used as varroacides. Bromopropylate, coumaphos (perizin) and melathion are typical examples of varroacides, whose residues have been examined in bee products such as honey. These chemical are oil-soluble and volatile. The impact of parasites and viruses on bees The varroa mite or varroa distracter is currently the most serious parasitic mite on honeybees. This parasite is feeding on the hemolymph of immature and adult bees (Harbo and Harris, 2001) .It causes many biological effects like weight loss, malformation and short lifespan of honeybees.

Boiling point of water with salt added Essay

Over time, numerous applications for the addition of salt in water have been established and the process of adding salt in water has become a regular exercise wherever water has to be boiled around the world (Bradley, 2006). Purpose The purpose of this project is to study the implications of the addition of salt in the reaction of water to heat. Theory & Hypothesis Upon the addition of common salt (NaCl) in distilled water, it causes the boiling point of the water to rise. As a result, water has to be heated for longer intervals of time as the amount of salt in the water is increased. The hypothesis of this study is to validate whether or not the addition of salt in water causes the boiling point of the water to rise. Apparatus used The apparatus that was used for this experiment comprised of table Salt (NaCl), distilled Water, measuring spoon, stirring spoon, thermometer, electric stove, kettle. Experimental procedure implemented In the first step, the kettle is filled with distilled water and is placed on the electric stove. It was filled with approximately two teacups of water. It is allowed to boil continuously and the thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the water after every few minutes. The water was observed to begin boiling at approximately 213 Â °F in normal conditions when no additions had been made to the water. In the second step, the initial sample of water was allowed to cool down until it had returned to room temperature, after which one leveled measuring spoonful of salt was added to the water and the kettle was once more placed on the electric stove to boil. The salt had been mixed into the water using the stirring spoon before it was put to boil. The water was once more allowed to boil continuously and the thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the water after every few minutes. The water was observed to begin boiling at a higher temperature than 213 Â °F after salt had been added to the water. In the third step, the water was once more allowed to cool down until it had returned back to room temperature. Once the water had returned to room temperature, a second addition of salt (NaCl) is made. The measuring spoon was used to add another leveled spoonful of salt to the water and was stirred thoroughly using the stirring spoon. The kettle was then placed on the stove once more and was allowed to begin heating up. The water was once more allowed to boil continuously and the thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the water after every few minutes. The water was observed to begin boiling at a higher temperature than that which had been observed in the readings taken in step two of the experiment. At all times, special care was taken to ensure that the thermometer did not touch the walls or the base of the kettle and that it was not held above the stove for too long in order to prevent the readings from being altered unintentionally.

Media s Effect On The Us War On Terror - 2488 Words

Media’s Effect on the US War on Terror More ink equals more blood. Think about that for a second. Is the media hurting its country by reporting terrorist attacks? Is it possible that the media is actually fueling terrorists by reporting terrorist attacks? Does the media exploit terrorist attacks for views? Does terrorism need the media to thrive? How do terrorists exploit the media for their own gain? Does the media help the world by reporting terrorism, or is it the sole reason terrorism exists today? Terrorism can occur anywhere and be carried out by anyone, but this paper will be focusing on the media’s effect on America’s war on terror and terrorist attacks carried out against the United States. What exactly is terrorism? â€Å"Terrorism is commonly defined as violent acts (or the threat of violent acts) intended to create fear (terror), perpetrated for a religious, political, or ideological goal, and which deliberately target or disregard the safety of non- combatants, civilians.† The intent of terrorist groups differ vastly depending on the situation they are in and the message they want to send. Terrorists use violence for many things including: to produce widespread fear, obtain recognition for their cause through the media, to weaken the government, to free prisoners, to satisfy vengeance, and to influence government decisions. Ideology and motivation also influence the objectives of terrorist groups, particularly regarding the casualty rate. Secular terrorist groupsShow MoreRelatedSecurity Background And Threats Of Terrorism Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesbeginning of a 21st century, an international security environment has been proved to be more volatile, unpredictable, complex and ambiguity with their challenging effects in various ways. Thus, those challenging situations take into particular considerations when combating terrorism throughout the national security strategy. The civil war, sectarian spillovers of crises, state catastrophe in central Africa and the Middle East will likely to be continued with growing scale and concern. Most worrisomeRead MoreUnderstanding The War On Terror1522 Words   |  7 Pages Understanding the War on Terror Youngsuk Lee PSCI A180 Professor Patrick C. Coaty 14 May, 2015 â€Æ' Many victims have been harmed from the terrorism for a long time. It is impossible for victims who are effected by the terrorism to live safely. Cruel terrorist group even attack female and children. The incidence of terrorism is increasing in the world. It is big problem in the world because countries worry about their citizen from the terrorism. The United States and other countriesRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Postmodernism713 Words   |  3 Pagesevents such as the â€Å"war on terror†. As discussed in Week 6’s PowerPoint presentation, Shapiro and Campbell describe foreign policy as a process that â€Å"makes ‘foreign’ certain political events and actors†. â€Å"People go to war because of how they see, perceive, picture, imagine and speak of others: that is, how they construct the difference of others as well as the sameness of themselves through representations,† they argue. Millions of people globally supported the ‘war on terror’ at one time, largelyRead MoreOrigin And Expansion Of Isis Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pagesaccelerated growth in the Middle East. When talking about the origins and expansion of ISIS there are two stories the first is about the men who were behind the start of ISIS and the second is regarding the United States role in accidently aiding the terror group. ISIS is a very smart, advanced, and brutal group who are extremely wealthy and this is why they are growing at an astonishing rate. In modern history ISIS has become more menacing than they have been in the past, but here is the history ofRead MoreTerrorism And Its Impact On Global Politics1734 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant than ever before, due to the rise of terrorist organisations such as the Islamic State and al-Qaeda. Terrorists use attacks to create chaos and fear in society, forcing global political reactions to control the threat. Fear created through the media is believed to exaggerate the global threat posed by terrorism. Terrorism is able to dramatically change the scope of global politics forcing states to reconsider many policies including the immigration, spending and defence. Body Terrorism is consideredRead MoreThe And Refugee Writing Assignment1432 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment In 1945, humanity had a defining moment. The Nazi Era had ended, yet 71 years later the reign of Adolf Hitler still continues to have an effect on our society. Approximately 6 million Jewish people were killed during the Holocaust, which is the largest genocide in history. Today, we face a similar situation. In Syria, there is a civil war which has taken over 200,000 lives and left over 2,000,000 people displaced. The crisis directly relates to upholding human rights and the impact fearRead MoreThe Connection between 9/11 and the Need for Foreign Oil Essay examples1227 Words   |  5 Pagesremembered. It was a day in history where time it seemed stood still, and one that became a moment of pronounced transformation. Today the United States and other parts of the world are still plagued by the viscosity of this tragedy; both through the wars that were established towards Iraq and Afghanistan over a decade ago, and by the continuous conflict in terms of who and why created the event s that occurred on that fateful day. This analysis will argue that the United States’ government used a propagandisticRead MoreEssay about Machiavelli and War on Terror1100 Words   |  5 PagesMachiavelli presents very specific advice on how a ruler can maintain stability and control over his newly acquired state. Machiavelli lived in a time when a ruler could come to possess another kingdom through the simple act of war. Yet, in our modernity, a ruler cannot simply declare war and occupy a territory. He must also face repercussions from the other world powers that are in existence today. Our time has evolved and a ruler now has to take into consideration the opinions of other world powers alongRead MoreTerrorism and Moral Panic in America Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesSocieties will always have problems that cause some sort of reaction from individuals who believe that their social stability is being endangered. There have been a number of moral panics which have capti vated society in terror and more often than not, owing to unfamiliarity. This essay will discuss the perception of a moral panic and will look at the case of the September 11th Terrorist attack against the United States of America, which triggered a colossal conflict of morality within modern dayRead MoreThe United States Police Force1737 Words   |  7 Pagesadvocates have started using the word â€Å"war† as a metaphor for any serious struggle against a destructive force. President Nixon introduced this metaphor to Americans when he declared a war on drugs in the early 1970’s (Hall et al. 494). The use of war as a metaphor was reiterated when the nation began its war on terror in response to attacks of the World Trade Center and a federal building in Oklahoma City in the mid 1990’s (498). These two internal wars provided advocates with justification to

Compare And Contrast Frederick Douglass And Malcolm X

In spite of the fact that Sherman Alexie, Plato,Frederick Douglass, and Malcolm x, the four experienced childhood in various eras, in various conditions, and at last in various universes. The trio confronted distinctive battles and had diverse victories, yet at last they werent generally all that extraordinary. In spite of the fact that they experienced childhood in various circumstances they both had similar perspectives on the significance of a training. The considered training to be opportunity and as a feeling of self-esteem and however they accomplished their instruction in various ways they both had a solid will and a solid feeling of self-inspiration. Regardless of the diverse methods for acquiring their education or the†¦show more content†¦Malcolm X can relate to this, when in prison he would read around night time at the foot of his bed by a light from the passageway and when reconnaissance came through, store away in his bed to stow away. Frederick would attempt and advance his learning as regularly as possible, conveying bread to the nearby white young men around the local area in return for information, which was a far more prominent exchange the eyes of Douglass. Not at all like Douglas with no educational basis at all, Malcolm then again had gotten a training that of an eighth grader however time passed and soon did he overlook his lessons. He could figure out how to read yet couldnt pass on his words onto paper. In jail, he had time, time to restore his training and strengthen it. He started to compose, beginning with the dictionary he started adapting word for word, page for page, area by segment beginning with the Ans and completing with the Zs. In his entry, Malcolm gives an announcement to set up a thought of what sort of training he persisted, Between what I wrote in my tablet, and composing letters, amid whatever is left of my time in jail I would figure I composed a million words. Not at allShow MoreRelatedHow are Malcolm X and Frederick Douglass Alike and Different810 Words   |  3 PagesCompare Contrast Malcolm X and Frederick Douglass both came from an African American background but the time difference of these two men when they were brought to the world changed. Malcolm X had a rough life. His dad was mysteriously murdered and his mom was mentally ill and with no parent figure he got in to the street life. He got in to selling illegal substances and burglary. He was struggling financially as well. In 1946 Malcolm X age twenty at the time was sentenced to prison for 10 yearsRead MoreReading And Writing Is Essential For Understanding And Comprehending Warning Signs And Instructions On A Medicine Bottle1753 Words   |  8 Pagesor higher education, one must be dedicated and have the drive to reach their goals. For Malcolm X and Frederick Douglass, gaining an education was very different for them as it was difficult and it was almost an impossible goal to achieve. Both of these men never stopped working towards their dream of one day learning how to read and write and this should b e an example to young adults of today. X and Douglass foreshadowed the difficulty of gaining an education. In this essay, I will described howRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestransformations in where humans lived, how they earned their livings, and their unprecedented ability to move about the globe. Moya and McKeown set the patterns of migration in the twentieth century against those extending back millennia, and they compare in imaginative ways the similarities and differences among diverse flows in different geographical areas and across ethnic communities and social strata. They consider not only the nature, volume, and direction of migrant movements motivated primarily

An Analysis of Ode to the West Wind Essay - 1353 Words

An Analysis of Ode to the West Wind Shelleys Ode to the West Wind appears more complex at first than it really is because the poem is structured much like a long, complex sentence in which the main clause does not appear until the last of five fourteen line sections. The poems main idea is held in suspension for 56 lines before the reader sees exactly what Shelley is saying to the west wind, and why hes saying it. In the first four sections Shelley addresses the west wind in three different ways, each one evoking the winds power and beauty. And each section ends with Shelley asking the West Wind to hear, oh hear! The readers curiosity is therefore both aroused and suspended, because we know the west wind is supposed to†¦show more content†¦We only know that Shelley cries out, Destroyer and preserver: hear, oh, hear! (14) The second stanza shifts emphasis to another image, not the dead leaves of autumn and the wingà ¨d seeds that will germinate in the spring, but the roiling autumn clouds that promise storm and rain. This image is less complex than the wind that drives the leaves and seeds, because little is evoked except for the terrific power of the wind. It shakes the clouds from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean (17). Here, the clouds take on a leaf-like aspectemdash;a clever technique Shelley uses to connect the west wind of part one with the west wind of part two. The image in this second stanza focuses more clearly on the death of the year proclaimed by the powerful storms that the wind blows in. The clouds are Angels of rain and lightning (18) and, torn to shreds by the fierce wind, look Like the bright hair uplifted from the head/ Of some fierce Maenad (20, 21). The ominous, death-like aspect of the winds sound to Shelley like the dirge/ Of the dying year (23, 24). All of this emphasize s death, but also the power of the west wind to bring about vast change. So two features of the west wind have become clear in the first two stanzas: it destroys and preserves; it profoundly changes things. It is clear that Shelleys apostrophe is addressed to a powerful force, but we do not yet know why he asks it oh, hear! The mystery is only deepened in stanzaShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of Ode to the West Wind1129 Words   |  5 Pagespentameter in terza rima formation. The rhyming pattern follows the form aba bcb cdc ded ee. According to Shelleys note, this poem was conceived and chiefly written in a wood that skirts the Arno, near Florence, and on a day when that tempestuous wind, whose temperature is at once mild and animating, was collecting the vapours which pour down the autumnal rains. They began, as I foresaw, at sunset with a violent tempest of hail and rain, attended that magnificent thunder and lightning peculiar toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ode Of The West Wind 1855 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Ode to the West Wind†, using various literary devices, proposes the question: How does the speaker, or Percy Shelley, perceive the west wind and what relationship does Shelley wish to obtain with the west wind in order to achieve his main goal? In Shelley’s â€Å"Ode to the West Wind†, metaphors and similes, tone, and imagery reveal Shelley’s perception of the west wind as a powerful force of nature and his dire need to become like the wind in order to inspire the world that surrounds him. The firstRead More Ode To The West Wind Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pages Theme :- Inspiration in amp;#8220;Ode to the West Wind; amp;#8220;When composition begins, inspiration is already on the decline; - P. B. Shelley nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shelley deals with the theme of inspiration in much of his work. However it is particularly apparent in amp;#8216;Ode to the West Windamp;#8217; where the wind is the source of his creativity. The cycles of death and rebirth are examined in an historical context with reference to The Bible. The word inspiration hasRead MoreAnalysis Of Percy Shelley s Frankenstein, Thomas Love Peacock And Lord Byron1486 Words   |  6 Pagesconcepts were not marginal based. The success of his works perhaps could be explained as to be able to occur by the time of his death when most people particularly the literature society of the English people began looking in to them in in-depth analysis. He is one of the people who failed to enjoy his works at the time of his life and his success now comes by to be seen at the time and three generations after his death. Just like everything good goes by, things have to have strengths and weaknessesRead Morecritical appreciation1066 Words   |  5 Pagescertainties... Context- The context gives us the time and location of the poem. It is what prompted the poem. The context might be an event of great political significance like the French Revolution. It prompted P.B. Shelley s famous, Ode to the West Wind. The poem beautifully upholds the spirit of the revolution and heralded the dawn of a new age. Language- The language of a poem is the very vehicle of its thoughts and ideas. Study the language in terms of the use of figures of speech,Read MorePercy Bysshe Shelley : Nature Poet Guided By A Rebellious Heart1918 Words   |  8 Pagesused them as a basis for his long poem Prometheus Unbound.16 In his poem The Cloud, he becomes the cloud. He symbolized his love for nature by manifesting himself as a part of nature.17 In Ode to the West Wind, Shelley likened his mind to that of leaves falling. The leaves fell, but then were lifted by the wind of thought. He knew and sought for the Divine, and he prayed for the energy of life.18 In his famous literary work The Defence of Reason, he distinguishes between reason and imagination.Read More Twain’s Huckleberry Finn and Kerouac’s On the Road – The River and the Road3035 Words   |  13 Pagesdivision between east and west, between old and new, between complacency and hope. Sal Paradise reflects: â€Å"There is something brown and holy about the East, and California is white like washliness and empty headed† (Kerouac 79). The promise and hope of making an imprint upon the clean white pages of Californian history appeals to Paradise and is recognized as soon as he crosses the Mississippi River. For him the river is â€Å"the dividing line between the East of my youth and the West of my future† (15). Read MoreRhetorical Devices3007 Words   |  13 Pagesis part of classical rhetoric and a number of rhetorical devices are worth considering in any analysis of style. For the analysis of literature a knowledge of rhetorical devices is indispensable, since there is often a considerable density of rhetorical figures and tropes which are important generators and qualifiers of meaning and effect. This is particularly the case in poetry. Especially the analysis of the use of imagery is important for any kind of literary text. (For further details see AnalysingRead MoreExtensive Reader4330 Words   |  18 PagesNevertheless, recognizing the beauty in the simple brain of this skylark, the speaker would be happy to know only â€Å"half its gladness,† seeking the ability to inspire others the way he was inspired by the bird. This poem goes hand-in-hand with â€Å"Ode to the West Wind† in that Shelley uses objects in nature as a catalyst for both inspiration and introspection as to what his own purpose is as poet. Immediately referring to the skylark as a â€Å"blithe spirit† makes the bird a supernatural object Shelley is dotingRead MoreEssay on The Gothic Genre and What it Entails6177 Words   |  25 Pages its intentional political relevance. Much of the canonical Romantic literature is inspired or informed by socio-political events. We need only look at Blakes work or key poems by second generation Romantics like Shelleys Ode to the West Wind or The Mask of Anarchy to verify this. The same is true of Romantic Gothic which arose around that unique period in European history posthumously defined by the French Revolution but significant for its trans-European massive

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn †3 Free Essays

Ernest Hemingway probably summed it up best when he said, â€Å"All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn† (source). We’re dealing with quite a book here. Published in 1885, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s follow-up to the Adventures of Tom Sawyer, carved new territory into the American literary landscape in several ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Adventures of Huckleberry Finn – 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now As one of the first novels to use a specific region’s vernacular in its narration, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn set a precedent for many other distinctly American works to follow. Some readers didn’t exactly â€Å"get† this new colloquial style, however. Accustomed to the proper prose of Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Emerson, some readers didn’t know what to do with Huck’s particular way of storytelling. Aside from the novel’s new style of writing, Twain’s decision to use thirteen-year-old Huck as the narrator allowed him to include certain content that a more civilized narrator probably would have left out. At first, Twain’s novel was labeled crass by some readers. The book was even banned in schools for its use of the n-word which is ironic, given that the novel is up in arms over slavery. Even today, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn makes â€Å"Banned Books† lists. Twain’s novel jumped head first into one of the biggest issues of its day: racism. Although the Emancipation Proclamation had been signed over two decades before Huckleberry Finn’s original publication date, African-Americans everywhere were still victims of oppression and racism. They were technically â€Å"free,† but often by name only in Reconstruction-era America. Many southerners were bitter about the outcome of the Civil War. By guiding his characters through several states of the Confederacy, Twain was able to reveal the hypocrisy of many pre-war southern communities. As a southerner himself, Twain had first-hand experiences to draw on, and he was able to walk the fine line between realistic depiction and ironic farce. Not to mention, Twain created the now-iconic character of Jim, a runaway slave who convinces Huck that African-Americans are deserving of freedom, and that equality is a goal for which we all should be fighting. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is now considered to be one of the Great American Novels, mostly due to how it so heartily champions the American ideals of freedom, independence, and rugged individualism. Huck’s dedication to his own moral standards and his bold sense of adventure and self-sufficiency have earned him a place in the All-American Hall of Fame. In addition, Twain is a hilarious storyteller, and the plot of this novel is a roller-coaster ride of moral dilemmas – so trust us when we say that if you haven’t taken the ride yet, you probably should. Why Should I Care? Mark Twain wrote Adventures of Huckleberry Finn twenty years after the American Civil War. Slavery had been abolished, and the North and South were making up (albeit with some residual anger). So why publish a highly moralistic tale about a system that was no longer in place? Weren’t race issues a moot point once slavery was out of the picture? Hardly. Freedom didn’t mean equality by any means – not legally, socially, or practically. (See Shmoop History’s â€Å"Jim Crow in America† for more. ) Actually, come to think of it, this isn’t an outdated notion at all. Rules and laws often don’t accurately reflect what’s really going on. From a legal standpoint today, we have equality of race; yet racism is still a problem. Men and women are equal, yet many still see a â€Å"glass ceiling† for women in the workplace, meaning they often have invisible boundaries to advancement. That doesn’t mean laws are useless. Laws may not immediately effect change, but we’ve seen that they do precede change. While laws can affect how people act, it takes more to change the way we think. We can’t rely on laws alone. That’s where The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn comes back into the picture. We need people like Mark Twain to remind us not to be self-congratulatory for starting a process in motion, How to cite Adventures of Huckleberry Finn – 3, Essay examples

Hidden cost in banking and financial services

Question: Discuss about the Hidden cost in banking and financial services. Answer: Introduction Banking field is very strong in UAE from both perspectives Capital Assets. There are different type of banks in UAE and they were robust in case of any vary in economics. On the other hand, resignations number increased which led to shut many other banks. In Dubai and Abu Dhabi they try to continually recruit individuals in order to enhance the UAE economy. That's why the number of Banks in this city grows rapidly. To be more precise, there are two types of banks in UAE; Commercial and Representative. Currently, there are 48 Commercial 7 Representative Banks distributed in all over UAE. The usual and major services that these banks provide are Personal Loans, Car Loans, Credit Cards, Corporate or business loans, corporate facilities Fixed Deposits act.https://emiratesdiary.com/uae-tips/list-of-banks-in-dubai-uae-abu-dhabi-uae#ixzz4XMIIF4D5 Dubai Islamic Bank (DIB) is one of the leading Islamic banks in UAE. They consider themselves "champions of morality, equality and transparency in everything" they do. They harmonize their goals with UAE evolution. As well as, they are strong competitor as their assets are more than 1 trillion US Dollar globally. https://www.dib.ae/about-dib/overview One of the most wanted bank service is the personal loan. However, the people who request for such service usually end up with regression. The reason is banks customers usually ask about the rate and installments. However, some procedure requires' service cost, monthly charges, postponing installment charges, and these are not clear for customers. This report will clarify these hidden charges. From my perspective, these charges and extra costs are somehow manipulation as the bank doesnt take the responsibility to clarify it for personal loan customers. Literature review: According to Gebba, (2015) it is stated that banking and financial institutions in Dubai and Abu Dhabi have come long way from the time when charges and other processing fees charged were only processing fees and other stipulated payment. Now banks in UAE has developed its functioning in sophisticated way and increased hidden charges so that more clients be grabbed by not disclosing their actual cost of capital. Throughout the time there are several changes have been made by UAE monetary authority in its unreasonable high fees and services charges. UAE bank federation is the responsible authority in establishment of code of conduct for the UAE banking sectors so that it could build professional and transparent business environment to serve customers interest and their right (Paltrinieri, 2015). As per the views of Wanke, Azad, Barros, Hassan, (2016) it is stated that The central banks of UAE as a part of its commitment to promote economic and financial stability has actively engaged in foster financial system by providing efficient central banking services. However, with the increasing ramification of business changes, banks and financial institution are introducing several charges and hidden expenses which are charged by banks from the general public in their banking services. These hidden charges and expenses have become new ways for banks and financial intuitions to make money in determined approach. At the time of taking loans from the banks borrower tend to neglect several hidden charges. However, interest rate and tenure time of loan amount are the basic tools which are used by borrowers while taking loan from the banks and financial institutions. There are other hidden charges which are put under the carpet by banks. Moreover, website and other portals of banks in UAE do not disclose the details of these hidden charges. According to Button Gee, (2013) it is stated that there are following charges given below that are charged by banks and financial institutions in UAE in Dubai. Hidden charges Service fees These fees are the charges which banks and financial institutions in Dubai charges for their banking activities. it is further observed that even if banks gives guides regarding the services fees on its website but it is hard to spot the actual amount which would be charged by banks and financial institutions for their services. Some time these hidden service charges vary with changes in transaction in determined approach. (Al-Ali, (2008). Conversion fees Campello, Gao, Qiu, Zhang, (2015 provides that it is the amount of fees which is required to be paid by customers for reducing rate of interest during loan tenure. For instance, if a client has taken loan @ 14% e.g. 12% basic rate and 2 % mark up rate. Then in the later time bank revised its mark up rate to .25%. In this case clients will revise their bank rate or mark up rate from 2% to .25% and has to pay conversion fees to banks. MODT charges According to Goddard, Molyneux, Williams, (2014) it is depicted that these are the charges which are required to be paid by clients while submitting their documents with the banks in order to create charge on their assets for their loan amount. However, in Dubai, it is called memorandum of deposit of title deed which vary from .1% TO 0.2% of the loan amount. Personal loan fees As stated by Al-Tamimi Hussein, (2010) it is stated that it is charges which vary with the doubtfulness of repayment of loan amount. As in the case, if clients are making payment for their online shopping or e- payment then banks would charge additional expenses as overdraft rate apart from its banks rate. These fees are hidden and vary with the unsecured amount of client in his transaction. It includes e.g. credit card loan amount fees, online payment fees, and fees for placing orders on the behalf of clients. Pre closure charges As per the views of Al-Marri, Moneim, Baheeg Ahmed, Zairi, (2007) it is stated that these charges are completely hidden and could be identified at the time of happening of event. For instance If a customer in banks and financial institutions in UAE want to apply for pre closure then bank would charge additional interest at the certain rate on the outstanding principle amount as pre closure charge. EMI bounce charges As stated by Goddard, Molyneux, Williams, (2014). It is divulged that these are the charges which will be levied on clients if he failed to make installment amount of loan in stipulated time period. Ideally these charges include EMI bounce amount, services charges, penalty and other taxes levied on the same. This cost aroused when borrowers make default in payment of his EMI for borrowed amount. Retrieved charges These are the charges which are to be paid by clients at the time of closure of loan amount. It is ideally charges which are related with satisfaction of loan amount. These charges are collected by banks from the clients at the time of satisfaction of their loan amount. however, these charges could be avoided by banks if bank has entered into agreement with the borrowers to not to charge retrieved cost. Administrative charges As per the views of Campello, Gao, Qiu, Zhang, (2015) provide that there are two charges which are charged by bank administrative charges, processing charges. Ideally banks in the starting of providing loan to client do not disclose but it is deemed that clients would be ready to pay off all their document handling and other processing fees. However, waving of processing fees could be made by banks if clients and banks are satisfied at the same terms and conditions. Legal fees According to (Ariff, Lewis, Mohamad, (2014). It is depicted that Banks in UAE before providing loans amount to customers indulge in preparing search report of clients property. Search report reflects all the property details of clients so that proper valuation could be made for the loan amount based on the assets charged by banks. This legal fee is charged by banks from the clients without any prior intimation. Switching loan package In case if clients have made application of fixed loan amount and now they want to switch their loan amount as floating loan amount then bank and financial institutions in UAE will be charging switching loan charges from clients. These cost arises when borrowers want to make changes in his existing loan amount. Recovery charges It is the charges which are required to be paid by customers in case if he made default in payment of loan amount. These charges based on the expenses made by banks on the recovery of their loan amount. Late payment charges It is stated by Hassan, (2014) that these charges are emerged due to delay in EMI payment by the clients. Ideally in UAE banks and financial institutions charges 2% additional interest as penalty amount on the amount due. Prepayment loan fees It is the amount of charges which aroused as client makes payment of loan amount before loan tenure. In this case, clients in order to close their account have to certain amount of money to banks so that their account could be settled down in determined approach. Getting list of documents As stated by Ariff, Lewis, Mohamad, (2014) it is depicted that charges which are imposed on the clients if he asks for certain documents and of the details from the banks. For instance, if a person has taken loan from banks and financial institution in UAE by then he could ask for the copy of current documents of his assets then for these banks charges certain amount for its services from the clients. Forcing borrower to buy expensive insurance products In this case banks and financial intuitions force their borrowers to take certain insurance products by dictating them that it is covered in their banking policies. However, these are the amount which banks use to earn as a commission on the sale of these insurance products. Charging money on credit card Banks and financial institutions charge certain amount of rate from the borrowers if they cross primary limit of their credit card. However, these charges are collected by banks either monthly, quarterly and on yearly basis. Documents retrieval charges On the application of loan, borrowers submit important documents to banks and financial institutions. Then Commercial and Representative Banks deposit these documents in their central storage units to assure safety. In the end of full payment by the borrowers banks charges a certain amount from borrowers for transferring these documents from the repository to borrowers. Reason behind hiding these charges by banks As per the views of Miles, Yang, Marcheggiano, (2013) it is given that with the increasing competitions and strategically working system of several banks in UAE it has become mandatory to reduce cost of capital for clients. Persons who want to take loan are ideally interested in taking loan from the banks which are providing loan at very low interest rate and with long tenure loan. Banks and financial institutions in UAE are more concerned about increasing their customers and spreading liquid money in the Dubai and Abu Dhabi at large. However, in order to increase their bank loan amount in general public all the banks have to hide their certain charges otherwise all the customers who want to take loan will go somewhere other place for the loan amount. There are other several charges which would not emerge if borrowers do not attempt to do these activities. In addition, banks and financial institutions in UAE work on the strategy of providing the best services to clients. Therefore, it is observed that there would be several hidden charges which are paid by borrowers if they avail banking services from banks and makes default in same. As per the views of Lagoarde-Segot, (2016) it is divulged that there are several services which banks and financial institutions provides to their clients at free of cost such as mobile banking, online installment payment, availability of credit card, support services to help borrowers to counter their queries, life insurance of borrowers, making payment on the behalf of clients orders and round the clock banking at several places including airports, and hospitals. Competition in baking sector of UAE As stated by Paltrinieri, (2015) it is given that UAE has strong competitive baking sectors accompanied with various banks providing banking and financial services in determined manner. It not only has largest banking sector amongst all the Arab states but as well boast of top two of Arab economy. Currently UAE has around 140 foreign exchange firms and 25 investment firms. However, all the commercial banks and other financial institutions are subject to rules and regulation given by central bank of UAE. It is observed that all the banks have developed their financial products to the extent which could satisfy client needs and demand in sophisticated manner. There are two ways which are used by banks in UAE to attract clients keeping rate of interest as low as it could and keeping banks charges less. Therefore, these are the two factors which results into emergence of hidden charges for the borrowers in later time. Borrowers turned down due to hidden charges As per the perception of Boot, Ratnovski, (2016).There is several hidden charges and fees which are charged by banks from the borrowers. It is observed that borrowers are divulged a complete schedule of notes of charges which would be charged by banks from borrowers. However, due to high complexity it is hard for borrowers to estimate the total amount of hidden charges. In this case borrowers feel that banks are taking advantage of them which results into increment in their cost of borrowed money taken from banks. Moreover, some time banks and financial institutions apart from taking extra money for their services also indulge in imposing penalties and other fines on borrowers due to failure of payment of some installment. Results in failure of transparency Banks and financial institutions in UAE has to face failure of transparency in their banking and financial services. Hidden charges and other additional cost imposed by banks on borrowers result into less transparency in their banking and financial services. Nonetheless, these charges are uncertain which could only be identified on the happening of certain events. It is further observed that in order to increase the transparency all the banks should divulge all the terms and conditions while lending money to borrowers. Measure to reduce the hidden cost in banking sectors According to (Hassan, (2014) it is stated that there are several measures which could be implemented by banks and financial institutions in banking and financial sectors such as all banks could indulge in following standardized rules and regulation which would assist borrowers to understand banking system in very easy and determined approach. It is further observed that banking sectors should indulge in following international policies of transparency in order to win the trust of clients in determined approach. Consideration of cost of capital As per the views of Button Gee, (2013) it is depicted that Banks and finical sectors are indulge in providing banking and financial services such as lending money, deposit of money, other banking services. Banks and financial intuitions need to consider all the cost of capital before lending money to borrowers. However, there are several banks which compensate their cost of capital money by charging hidden cost on borrowers. Therefore it could be inferred that hidden charges are completely based on borrowers act. If borrowers make default in making payment of borrowed amount then there will be emergence of hidden cost. However, banks and financial institutions should make complete disclosure of all the terms and condition while lending money to borrowers. Conclusion: In this report various facts and figures have been collected which depicts that banks and financial institutions viability in their business functioning in UAE. However, banks in UAE are trying to reduce their hidden cost in their loans amount. Hidden rate is the rate which is not disclosed at time of granting loan to borrowers but charged in later due to occurring of some events. It is further observed that banks and financial institutions are complying with all the rules and regulation issued by center bank of UAE in their banking and financial services. However, it is true fact that all the borrowers are more concerned about taking loans from the banks at cheapest rate with high tenure. It is required by central authority of UAE to disclose all the charges and hidden information on their registered website so that all the clients could be kept vigilant. It could be inferred that if banks and financial institutions would made proper disclosure of all the relevant information includ ing data regarding hidden cost then it would help borrowers to monotones of their confident in banking and finical services in UAE. It will result into less bad debts, timely payment and increment in clients satisfaction in baking and financial services. It could be easily said that hidden charges in banking system of UAE are the major concern for the borrowers in raising loans from the banks and financial institutions. It is concluded that banks and financial institutions need to increase transparency in their banking and financial services in order to provide best quality services to borrowers in case of lending. Hidden costs are uncertain amount which is imposed due to some happening of events. It is up to borrowers to avoid this cost. If borrowers fail to make installment amount of borrowing money then it would be imperative that bank will impose hidden charges on borrowers. Now in the end it would be inferred that hidden cost which are required to be charged by banks and financ ial institutions. However, banks and financial institutions providing banking and financial services should make complete disclosure of their hidden cost at the time of providing loan to borrowers. References Al-Ali, J. (2008). 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